Islam, one of the world's major religions, is followed by nearly one-fifth of the global population. While often associated with the Middle East, the largest Muslim populations are found in Indonesia, Pakistan, and India. Historically, Islam extended from Western China to Spain and Morocco, shaping cultures and civilizations.
The faith is divided into two main branches: Sunni Islam, representing about 85% of Muslims, and Shia Islam, comprising 10-15% of the global Muslim community. Central to Islamic belief is surrendering to the oneness of God (Allah) and following the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad, Islam’s most important figure. The term ‘Islam’ is derived from the Arabic word salima, meaning ‘to be safe and secure,’ reflecting a spiritual journey toward peace and wholeness. In this context, a Muslim is someone who surrenders to God with the aim of achieving spiritual peace (salam) in this life and the hereafter.